Building construction.



J. KAHN.

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED 31mm, 1908. 1 ,033, 1 O6.

' Fig.1;

Qhmga XMMKW; I gfi/Jw 2 2 7 I \Swuws. QM W. aim I M W (Mat-M2 Patented July 23, 1912.

3 SHHETSSHEET 1.

J. KAHN.

BUILDING GONSTEUGTION. APPLICATION FILED JAN.11, 1908.

Patented July 23, 1912.

a SHEETSSHEET 2.

- 1+ /3 pig's.

Fig. 6.

XW RW. \S u\\ lws KM uv.

b WWW im 5 (1.1 EOYWQ/E Mwms.

J. KAHN.

BUILDING cousmncmom APPLICATION FILED JAILII, 1908. 1,033,106, l Patented July 23, 1912.

.s SHEETS-SHEET s.

Fig. 1 1. Wimmssms.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.-

JULIUS KAHN, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR TO TRUSSED CONCRETE STEEL COMPANY, or nnrnorr, MICHIGAN, A coRronA'rroN' or MICHIGAN.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed ma 11, 1908. Serial No. 410,410.

I To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I,- JULIUS KAHN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Detroit, in the county of Wayne and State' of Michigan, have invented. a new and Improved Building Construction, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to combined metal and concrete beams particularly that class of beams in which metal is reinforced with concrete, in contra-distinction to a beam in which the concrete is reinforced with metal.

The object of my invention is to provide a beam or floor'construction in which all tensile and shearing stresses are taken up by steel and in which the compression stresses are taken up by concrete or other material having high compressive strength.

This invention consists in a 'novel metal beam having concrete or other plastic material molded around the compression side of the beam, in combination with transverse tension members molded in thelower portion of the concrete in order to transmit any tcnsilestresses from the concrete to the metal beams.

My invention consists further in a combined concrete and metal construction wherein novel parallel metal beams have.

forms supported at or above their neutral axes and concrete placed above these forms.

In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a transverse section of a side-walk light. Fig. 2 is a similar view on a larger scale. Fig. 3 is a cross section atright an les to Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a side view of a meta beam adapted for this construction. Figs. 5, 6, and 7 are transverse sections of modified forms of this invention. Fig. 8 is a'pers ective view of the beam adapted for use in t e construction shown in Figs. 5 .and 6. Fig. 9 is a longitudinal cross section of this particular construction adapted for the use of high-way bridges and culverts. Fig. 10 is a tranverse cross section of the same on the line I0.l0 of Fig.9. Figs 11 and 12 are details of this construction on a larger scale.

Similar reference characters refer to'like parts throughout the several views.

Figs. 1, 2, and 3 illustrate a side-walk construction. The beams 1 and 1 have a series of openings 2, and ,the tongues 3 thus formed are cut down at right angles to the beam and furnish supportsfor the glass lenses 4. These beams are plain flat bars 1' of no great thickness or they may be very light rolled beams 1* with flanges 5 at the lower edges,

and. if desired, provided with small bulbs. .6 at the upper edges. Transverse rods 7,

which may be of any desired type of metal, are passed through the openings2 and are surrounded with concrete or any other de sirable plastic material 8. The longitudinal spaces around the upper edges of the beams are also filled with this concrete. sultant construction is of great strength for the amount of material employed. All the shearing stresses resulting from the loads placed upon such side-walk lights are taken' up by the webs of the beams 1 or 1. The tension stresses are taken up by the lower flanges 5 of beams 1" or by the lower edges of the webs of the'beams 1. The'compression stresses are taken up b the concrete 8 and by the glass lenses. S ould the load be concentrated upon any one oint, the small reinforced concrete beams ormed by the concrete members 8 and the rods 7 will transmit a portion of the load to-the adjacent beams. These metal rods 7 should extend the entire breadth of the light and the beams 1 or 1 the entire length, thus forming a net-work of beams in which the. longitudinal beams are formed of metal re1n-. forced by concrete, while the. transverse beams are formed of concrete reinforced by metal. As the openings 2 are formed at or thereby. The tongues 3, being turned down- Patented July 23,1912."

The realternately on opposite sides, furnish supports for the glass portion of the lights un{ til the concrete has set. The lenses'themselves serve as centering for the concrete so that nofalse-vvork whatever is required for this construction. v

In Fig. 5 I have shown a construction which is admirably adapted for floors. The

11 have tongues 12 sheared and bent out. Slabs 13 of terra-cotta, concrete or any other desired material are made to extend between the centers of the beams 11, and are provided with metal hooks 14 to engage the lower flanges 15 of the beams. The rods 16 extend through the openings of all of these beams of a panel or span ina floor construction such as shown in this drawing so as to connect the same. The beams 11 are first spaced properly and the slabs 13 are secured thereto by bending down the up er ends of the fasteners 14. A layer 17 o cinders is then placed on these slabs to the desired depth and on this, around the rods 16, a slab 18 of concrete is molded. -When the concrete has set it will form a proper compres- I sion member in a beam of which the lower flanges 15 form the tension member and the web of the beam 11 the shear member. As

stated before in describing Figs. 1, 2, and 3,

' loads between adjacent beams.

In Fig. 6 the metalbeam 11, transverse rods 16, and concrete slab 18 are similar to the construction just described and shown in Fig. 5. The floor is formed by placing the terra-cotta tile 19 between adjacent beams 11- passing the rods '16 through the opening formed by bending down the tongues 12 and then'spreading the concrete 18 over the tile. The tile 19 may be formed from any other desirable material. In erecting a floor one row of tiles 19 is placed with one edge resting on any desired support, and a beam 11 is moved against this row of tiles. A sacond row of tiles is then placed against'the first beam and a second beam pushed against this row of tiles. A line of su ports may be used to support each row of tiles untilafter the beam is placed against it. In this manner a floor is constructed without the use of false-work, thus avoiding a large expense, The distance between adjacent beams as well as the depth of the beams and theirweight will depend upon the load to be carried.

In Fig. 7 the beams 21 are fiat plates with lower tension members 22 and 'have struck out portions 23 similar to those just described. The distance from the upper edges of the'beams .to these laterall tongues is greater however in t is construction than those shown in Figs. 5 and 6.

Plates 24 of metal, but preferably of terrarojeccotta or concrete are lald on these tions 23" and the rods 25 are assed t rough the openings in the web 0 the beam 21.

Concrete is then placedin position on the plates 24 andaround the rods and forms the floor slab. This construction also has the projecting sesame great advantage of not, requiring any false work for its erection. It also comprises lo'ngitudinal beams formed by reinforcing metal with concrete.

In the construction shown In Flgs 10,

-11 and'12 an arch of concrete is combmed those just described provision is made for.

transferring excess stresses'from one longitudinal beam to those adjacent by means of reinforced concrete beams. In-the construction shown, beams 26 extend between abut inents 25, which-beams are provided with flanges 27 and projecting tongues 28, which tongues he in the arc of a circle. "After the beams are'positioned, plates 29 are properly v laid. on these'tongues 2 8, 'the rods- '30" are passed through the openings in the beams, and the slab 31 of concrete is spread over the plates 29. For the pur 05s of more'thoroughly combining the e ectiveness of the beams 26 and the concrete, the tongues 34: may be struck u to project at ri ht angles to the line of rust of the arch. Short pieces of metal 32, angle bars referred, are placed in these openings an receive the thrust and transfer it to the beams. The action is then that of a bow-string truss. For moderate spans this construction is very cheap. It is especially adapted in short spans for high-way bridges and culverts. As no false-work is required thisstructure can be erected ver quickly and under conditions which wou d render a more complicated structure almost impossible.

Having now explained my improvements,

what I claim as my inventmn and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1.'In a building construction, the com-' bination of steel beams, each comprising a fiat web, a cylindrical enlargement at its upper edge, and a tensional member at its and around the upper edges of the metal beams. v

2. In a building construction, the com bination of a slab of concrete, a plurality of steel beams ha'vin'gtheir upper edges embedded in' the concrete, said beams having perforated webs, the cross sectional area of that portion of the beamswhich is in tension exceeding'that which is in compression, brackets extending from the sides of the steel beams, arched c'oncrete-supporting means resting on the brackets, the bot-tom of specification in the presence of two subscribthe concrete following the lines ofban arch ing witnesses. so that the complete structure com ines an arch with a beam, and transverse rods ex- JULIUS A 5 tending through the concrete between the Witnesses:

beams. EDWARD N.- PAGELSEN,

In testimony whereof, I have signed this ELIZABETH M. BROWN. 

